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PLANET EARTH: OUR LOVING HOME
Home”: An Eco-Documentary by Yann Arthus-Bertrand - P2/ 3
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People told me
that “Home” is
an impossible initiative.
So I would like to tell you,
“Let’s believe together
in impossible initiatives.
Let’s believe in it.”
We can all change
many things.
We need actions;
it’s too late
to be pessimistic.
Hallo,
eco-conscious viewers,
and welcome to
Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home.
Today we present Part 2
of a three part series
featuring the acclaimed
2009 documentary
“Home” directed
by world famous
French photographer
Yann Arthus–Bertrand.
He is particularly
renowned for
his aerial photography.
Entranced by
the beauty of nature,
Mr. Arthus Bertrand
has taken scores
of photographs
of majestic landscapes
from helicopters
and hot air balloons.
Yann Arthus-Bertrand
established the
GoodPlanet Foundation
in 2005.
The Foundation focuses
on raising public awareness
of global warming
and helps to implement
various innovative
programs to offset
carbon emissions.
Recognizing his
commitment to the planet,
the United Nations
Environment Programme
presented him
with the
“Champions of the Earth”
award and appointed him
as a Goodwill
Ambassador in 2009.
I think that as journalists,
we have a real power of
informing and certainly
this title of
“Goodwill Ambassador”
will allow me
to do things perhaps
I could not do before.
“Home” explores
issues impacting
our planet’s viability
such as
the environmental
devastation caused by
the livestock industry,
serious water shortages,
rapidly rising sea levels,
dependency
on fossil fuels,
and the severe depletion
of natural resources.
With high definition
aerial views of our abode,
the documentary
clearly illustrates
the extent to which
our precious Earth has been
enormously damaged
by humanity’s actions.
The film’s ultimate message
is that we have only
a few short years left
to reverse
the tremendous destruction.
“Home” was filmed on
location in 54 countries
over a period
of 18 months,
generating 488 hours
of footage in the process.
Filming was done
using helicopter-mounted
high definition
Cineflex cameras
that are able to record
moving images smoothly.
True to “Home’s” eco-ideals,
the producers mitigated
the emissions released
during the making of it
through carbon offsets.
It took approximately
three years for the
93-minute documentary
to be finally completed.
On June 5, 2009,
coinciding with
World Environment Day,
“Home” premiered in
over 100 countries.
The producers say
it is the first movie ever
to be released
simultaneously through
all media channels,
including theaters, TV,
DVD, and Internet and
across five continents.
Many cinemas
offered free screenings
and it was on shown
on big screens
at the Champ de Mars
in Paris, France as well as
in London, England
and New York, USA.
In France,
8 million viewers
watched “Home”
on France2 Television
the day it debuted.
As a gift to the world,
the work is distributed
free of charge and
is available for viewing
on the website YouTube.
We now present Part 2
of the landmark
documentary, “Home”
with narration
by award-winning
US actress Glenn Close.
We haven't understood
that we're depleting
what nature provides.
Since 1950, fishing catches
have increased fivefold
from 18 to 100 million
metric tons a year.
Thousands of factory ships
are emptying the oceans.
Three-quarters
of fishing grounds
are exhausted, depleted
or in danger of being so.
Most large fish
have been fished
out of existence
since they have no time
to reproduce.
We are destroying
the cycle of a life
that was given to us.
At the current rate, all
fish stocks are threatened
with exhaustion.
We have forgotten
that resources are scarce.
Five hundred million
humans live in
the world's desert lands,
more than the combined
population of Europe.
They know
the value of water.
They know
how to use it sparingly.
Here, they depend on wells
replenished by
fossil water, which
accumulated underground
in the days when it rained
on these deserts
25,000 years ago.
Fossil water also
enables crops to be grown
in the desert
to provide food
for local populations.
The fields' circular shape
derives from the pipes
that irrigate them
around a central pivot.
But there is a heavy price
to pay.
Fossil water is a
non-renewable resource.
In Saudi Arabia,
the dream of
industrial farming
in the desert has faded.
As if on a parchment map,
the light spots
on this patchwork
show abandoned plots.
The irrigation equipment
is still there.
The energy
to pump water also.
But the fossil water reserves
are severely depleted.
Israel turned the desert
into arable land.
Even though
these hothouses are now
irrigated drop by drop,
water consumption
continues to increase
along with exports.
The once mighty
River Jordan
is now just a trickle.
Its water has flown
to supermarkets
all over the world
in crates of fruit
and vegetables.
The Jordan's fate
is not unique.
Across the planet,
one major river in ten
no longer flows into the sea
for several months
of the year.
Deprived of
the Jordan's water,
the level of the Dead Sea
goes down by
over one meter per year.
India risks
being the country
that suffers most
from the lack of water
in the coming century.
Massive irrigation has fed
the growing population
and in the last 50 years,
21 million wells
have been dug.
In many parts
of the country,
the drill has to sink
ever deeper to hit water.
In western India,
30% of wells
have been abandoned.
The underground aquifers
are drying out.
Vast reservoirs will catch
the monsoon rains
to replenish the aquifers.
In the dry season, women
from local villages dig them
with their bare hands.
Thousands of kilometers
away, 800 to 1,000 liters
of water are consumed
per person per day.
Las Vegas was built
out of the desert.
Millions of people
live there.
Thousands more arrive
every month.
The inhabitants
of Los Vegas are among
the biggest consumers
of water in the world.
Palm Springs is
another desert city
with tropical vegetation
and lush golf courses.
How long can this mirage
continue to prosper?
The Earth cannot keep up.
The Colorado River,
which brings water
to these cities,
is one of those rivers that
no longer reaches the sea.
Water levels
in the catchment lakes
along its course
are plummeting.
Water shortages
could affect
nearly 2 billion people
before 2025.
The wetlands represent
six percent of the surface
of the planet.
Under their calm water
lies a veritable factory,
where plants and
micro-organisms
patiently filter the water
and digest all the pollution.
These marshes are
indispensable environments
for the regeneration
and purification of water.
They are sponges that
regulate the flow of water.
They absorb it
in the wet season and
release it in the dry season.
In our race
to conquer more land,
we have reclaimed them
as pasture for our livestock,
or as land for agriculture
or building.
In the last century,
half of the world's marshes
were drained.
We know
neither their richness
nor their role.
All living matter is linked.
Water, air, soil, trees.
The world's magic is right
in front of our eyes.
Trees breathe groundwater
into the atmosphere
as light mist.
They form a canopy
that alleviates the impact
of heavy rains.
The forests provide
the humidity
that is necessary for life.
They store carbon,
containing more than all
the Earth's atmosphere.
They are the cornerstone
of the climatic balance
on which we all depend.
The trees are
the primary forests
provide a habitat
for three-quarters of
the planet's biodiversity,
that's to say,
of all life on Earth.
These forests provide
the remedies that cure us.
The substances secreted
by these plants
can be recognized
by our bodies.
Our cells talk
the same language.
We are of the same family.
But in barely 40 years,
the world's largest
rainforest, the Amazon,
has been reduced by 20%.
The forest gives way
to cattle ranches
or soybean farms.
Ninety-five percent of
these soybeans are used
to feed livestock and
poultry in Europe and Asia.
And so, a forest is turned
into meat.
Barely 20 years ago,
Borneo, the fourth largest
island in the world,
was covered by
a vast primary forest.
At the current rate
of deforestation, it will
have totally disappeared
within 10 years.
Living matter bonds water,
air, earth and the Sun.
In Borneo, this bond
has been broken in what
was one of the Earth's
greatest reservoirs
of biodiversity.
This catastrophe was
provoked by the decision
to produce palm oil,
one of the most productive
and consumed oils
in the world, on Borneo.
Palm oil not only caters
to our growing demand
for food, but also
cosmetics, detergents
and, increasingly,
alternative fuels.
The forest's diversity
was replaced
by a single species,
the oil palm.
For local people,
it provides employment.
It's an
agricultural industry.
Another example
of massive deforestation
is the eucalyptus.
Eucalyptus is used
to make paper pulp.
Plantations are growing
as demand for paper
has increased fivefold
in 50 years.
One forest does not replace
another forest.
At the foot
of these eucalyptus trees,
nothing grows because
their leaves form a bed
that is toxic
for most other plants.
They grow quickly, but
exhaust water reserves.
Soybeans, palm oil,
eucalyptus trees...
Deforestation destroys
the essential to
produce the superfluous.
But elsewhere, deforestation
is a last resort to survive.
Over two billion people,
almost a third
of the world's population,
still depend on charcoal.
In Haiti, one of the
world's poorest countries,
charcoal is
one of the population's
main consumables.
Once the "Pearl
of the Caribbean,"
Haiti can no longer
feed its population
without foreign aid.
On the hills of Haiti,
only two percent
of the forests are left.
Stripped bare, nothing
holds the soils back.
The rainwater washes them
down the hillsides
as far as the sea.
What's left is increasingly
unsuitable for agriculture.
In some parts
of Madagascar,
the erosion is spectacular.
Whole hillsides
bear deep gashes
hundreds of meters wide.
Thin and fragile, soil
is made by living matter.
With erosion,
the fine layer of humus,
which took
thousands of years
to form, disappears.
Here's one theory of
the story of the Rapanui,
the inhabitants
of Easter Island,
that could perhaps
give us pause for thought.
Living on the most
isolated island in the world,
the Rapanui exploited
their resources until
there was nothing left.
Their civilization
did not survive.
On these lands stood
the highest palm trees
in the world.
They have disappeared.
The Rapanui chopped them
all down for lumber.
They then faced
widespread soil erosion.
There were no trees
to build canoes.
Yet the Rapanui formed
one of the most
brilliant civilizations
in the Pacific.
Innovative farmers,
sculptors,
exceptional navigators,
they were caught in
the vise of overpopulation
and dwindling resources.
They experienced social
unrest, revolts and famine.
Many did not survive
the cataclysm.
The real mystery
of Easter Island is not
how its strange statues
got there, we know now.
It's why the Rapanui
didn't react in time.
It's only one
of a number of theories,
but it has particular
relevance to us today.
After these brief messages,
we will continue
our presentation of the
powerful documentary
“Home.”
Please stay tuned
to Supreme Master
Television.
We saw the film “Home”
in Champ-de-Mars.
What was your impression?
My impression of course
was very positive.
And what pleased me is
that I realized
that now in France,
there are many
environmental movements.
I believe that
it would be necessary
to begin to eat less meat,
because
that pollutes the planet,
that’s a lot of cereals
for animals,
water for animals,
not to talk about flatulence
from cows
that pollute the planet.
Thus we should try
to see things differently.
Be more vegetarian.
Welcome back to
Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home
on Supreme Master
Television.
We now continue
with the environmental
documentary, “Home,”
which serves
as a clear warning
to all humanity
that our planet is
in grave danger
as our natural resources
are being rapidly depleted
and climate change
is accelerating.
Since 1950,
the world's population
has almost tripled.
And since 1950,
we have more
fundamentally altered
our island, the Earth,
than in all of
our 200,000-year history.
Nigeria is the biggest
oil exporter in Africa,
yet 70% of the population
lives under the poverty line.
The wealth is there, but
the country's inhabitants
don't have access to it.
The same is true
all over the globe.
Half the world's poor live
in resource-rich countries.
Our mode of development
has not fulfilled
its promises.
In 50 years, the gap
between rich and poor
has grown wider than ever.
Today,
half the world's wealth is
in the hands
of the richest two percent
of the population.
Can such disparities
be maintained?
They are the cause of
population movements
whose scale we have yet
to fully realize.
The city of Lagos had
a population of 700,000
in 1960 that will rise
to 16 million by 2025.
Lagos is one of the fastest
growing megalopolises
in the world.
The new arrivals
are mostly farmers
forced off the land
for economic
or demographic reasons,
or because of
diminishing resources.
This is a radically
new type of urban growth,
driven by the urge
to survive
rather than to prosper.
Every week,
over a million people
swell the populations
of the world's cities.
1 human being in 6 now
lives in a precarious,
unhealthy, overpopulated
environment without access
to daily necessities,
such as water, sanitation,
electricity.
Hunger is spreading
once more.
It affects
nearly 1 billion people.
All over the planet,
the poorest scrabble
to survive on scraps,
while we continue
to dig for resources
that we can
no longer live without.
We look farther and farther
afield in previously
unspoilt territory
and in regions that are
increasingly difficult
to exploit.
We're not changing
our model.
Oil might run out?
We can still extract oil from
the tar sands of Canada.
The biggest trucks
in the world move
thousands of tons of sand.
The process of heating
and separating bitumen
from the sand requires
millions of cubic meters
of water.
Colossal amounts
of energy are needed.
The pollution
is catastrophic.
The most urgent priority,
apparently, is to pick
every pocket of sunlight.
Our oil tankers are
getting bigger and bigger.
Our energy requirements
are constantly increasing.
We try to power growth
like a bottomless oven
that demands
more and more fuel.
It's all about carbon.
In a few decades,
the carbon that made
our atmosphere a furnace
and that nature captured
over millions of years,
allowing life to develop,
will have largely
been pumped back out.
The atmosphere
is heating up.
It would have been
inconceivable
for a boat to be here
just a few years ago.
Transport, industry,
deforestation, agriculture...
Our activities release
gigantic quantities
of carbon dioxide.
Without realizing it,
molecule by molecule,
we have upset the Earth's
climatic balance.
All eyes are on the poles,
where the effects
of global warming
are most visible.
It's happening fast,
very fast.
The Northwest Passage
that connects America,
Europe and Asia
via the pole is opening up.
The Arctic ice cap
is melting.
Under the effect
of global warming,
the ice cap has lost
40% of its thickness
in 40 years.
Its surface area
in the summer
shrinks year by year.
It could disappear
in the summer months
by 2030. Some say 2015.
The sunbeams
that the ice sheet
previously reflected back
now penetrate
the dark water,
heating it up.
The warming process
gathers pace.
This ice contains
the records of our planet.
The concentration
of carbon dioxide
hasn't been so high
for several
hundred thousand years.
Humanity has never lived
in an atmosphere like this.
Is excessive exploitation
of our resources
threatening the lives
of every species?
Climate change
accentuates the threat.
By 2050, a quarter
of the Earth's species
could be threatened
with extinction.
In these polar regions,
the balance of nature
has already been disrupted.
Around the North Pole,
the ice cap has lost
30% of its surface area
in 30 years.
But as Greenland
rapidly becomes warmer,
the freshwater
of a whole continent
flows into the salt water
of the oceans.
Greenland's ice contains
20% of the freshwater
of the whole planet.
If it melts, sea levels will
rise by nearly seven meters.
But there is
no industry here.
Greenland's ice sheet
suffers from
greenhouse gases emitted
elsewhere on Earth.
Our ecosystem
doesn't have borders.
Wherever we are,
our actions
have repercussions
on the whole Earth.
The atmosphere
of our planet
is an indivisible whole.
It is an asset we share.
On Greenland's surface,
lakes are appearing
on the landscape.
The ice cap has begun
to melt at a speed
even the most pessimistic
scientists did not envision
10 years ago.
More and more
of these glacier-fed rivers
are merging together
and burrowing
though the surface.
It was thought
the water would freeze
in the depths of the ice.
On the contrary,
it flows under the ice,
carrying the ice sheet
into the sea, where
it breaks into icebergs.
As the freshwater
of Greenland's ice sheet
gradually seeps into the
salt water of the oceans,
low-lying lands
around the globe
are threatened.
Sea levels are rising.
Water expanding
as it gets warmer caused,
in the 20th century alone,
a rise of 20 centimeters.
Everything becomes
unstable.
Coral reefs, for example,
are extremely sensitive
to the slightest change
in water temperature.
Thirty percent
have disappeared.
They are an essential link
in the chain of species.
In the atmosphere,
the major wind streams
are changing direction.
Rain cycles are altered.
The geography of climates
is modified.
The inhabitants
of low-lying islands,
here in the Maldives,
for example,
are on the front line.
They are
increasingly concerned.
Some are already
looking for new,
more hospitable lands.
If sea levels continue
to rise faster and faster,
what will major cities
like Tokyo, the world's
most populous city, do?
Every year, scientists'
predictions become
more and more alarming.
Seventy percent of
the world's population
lives on coastal plains.
Eleven of
the 15 biggest cities
stand on a coastline
or river estuary.
As the seas rise, salt will
invade the water table,
depriving inhabitants
of drinking water.
Migratory phenomena
are inevitable.
The only uncertainty
concerns their scale.
In Africa,
Mount Kilimanjaro
is unrecognizable.
Eighty percent
of its glaciers
have disappeared.
In summer,
the rivers no longer flow.
Local peoples are affected
by the lack of water.
Even on the world's
highest peaks, in the heart
of the Himalayas,
eternal snows and glaciers
are receding.
Yet these glaciers
play an essential role
in the water cycle.
They trap the water
from the monsoons as ice
and release it
in the summer
when the snows melt.
The glaciers
of the Himalayas
are the source of
all the great Asian rivers,
the Indus, Ganges,
Mekong, Yangtze, Kiang...
two billion people
depend on them
for drinking water and
to irrigate their crops,
as in Bangladesh.
On the delta of the Ganges
and Brahmaputra,
Bangladesh is directly
affected by phenomena
occurring in the Himalayas
and at sea level.
This is
one of the most populous
and poorest countries
in the world.
It is already hit
by global warming.
The combined impact
of increasingly dramatic
floods and hurricanes
could make a third
of its land mass disappear.
When populations
are subjected to these
devastating phenomena,
they eventually move away.
Wealthy countries
will not be spared.
Droughts are occurring
all over the planet.
In Australia,
half of farmland
is already affected.
We are in the process
of compromising
the climatic balance that
has allowed us to develop
over 12,000 years.
We sincerely thank
Yann Arthus-Bertrand
for producing
this significant film that
serves as a wake-up call
to aid our planet.
Let us all now
take immediate action
to save our fragile abode.
For more details
on “Home,” please visit
www.Home-2009.com
Esteemed viewers, please
join us next Wednesday
on Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home
for the presentation of
Part 3 of our three-part
series featuring
the eco-documentary
“Home.”
Coming up next is
Enlightening Entertainment.
May your days be filled
with love and bliss.
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