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PLANET EARTH: OUR LOVING HOME
Earthquake Survival with Dr. Jim Goltz - P2/2
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Hallo,
perceptive viewers, and
welcome to Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home.
Thus far in 2010 several
powerful earthquakes
have struck the Earth,
with January’s
7.3 magnitude quake
in Haiti and February’s
8.8 magnitude temblor
in southern Chile causing
the most destruction
as they were centered
in highly populated areas.
Dr. Jim Goltz the
Earthquake and Tsunami
Program Manager for
the Preparedness Division
of the California
Emergency Management
Agency, USA,
has been involved
in earthquake research,
planning, preparedness and
mitigation for 35 years.
In this second part
of our two-part interview
with Dr. Goltz, he offers
more sensible advice on
earthquake preparedness
and survival.
When speaking
to the public
on the subject,
he strongly emphasizes
that running
during an earthquake
is unsafe.
Sometimes people feel
that it’s best to get away
from whatever hazards
there might be,
but generally,
there have been studies
done on what people did
in earthquakes
and most people
either take cover,
move away from hazards
or remain in place.
We had an earthquake up
near the town of Eureka
in Northern California
(USA) in January; I think
it was about a week before
the Haiti earthquake.
But, on surveillance
cameras we noticed
that a lot of people were
running out of stores.
One of the areas in which
people feel least secure
is in a public place.
Sometimes it’s open,
like a mall or
sometimes it’s enclosed.
But generally, again,
we recommend
that people not run.
If you’re in a stadium,
remain in place,
don’t run for the exits.
Those areas where
you’re least familiar,
that’s the area where
it’s most important
to remember not to run.
Generally,
people do pretty well
in their own homes,
because
it’s a familiar place.
To keep telephone
communication systems
functioning normally
after a temblor, experts
say not to use them
except to
report emergencies.
We recommend that people
not make phone calls
except for emergency calls
following an earthquake,
because the system
does get overloaded;
typically you have damage
to telecommunications
equipment, to cell towers
and other things.
So, we recommended that
people, if at all possible,
stay off the telephone.
It’s probably a good idea
to have someone who is
some distance away,
a relative, for example,
who you contact once
and that person will inform
your relatives and friends
around the country
that you’re okay.
If the building one is in
becomes damaged
by a quake, there are
several key points
to keep in mind.
Earthquakes, large
earthquakes particularly,
where there are
structural collapses,
create a tremendous
amount of dust
and so you do want to
protect your lungs,
protect your breathing.
I would recommend using
masksor a handkerchief
or something,
to keep the dust out.
If one is trapped
after an earthquake,
the most important thing
to do is stay calm
and inform others
that you need help.
I think first of all
you should verbalize,
you should shout,
you should indicate
that you need help.
If you actually
can hear people digging,
you should knock
or use something
to make a repetitive noise
to let rescuers know
that you’re alive,
but verbalization is
probably the best thing.
Typically people find
those trapped in debris
by hearing their voices,
but also
rapping on something,
a pipe or concrete,
something that resonates
is also a good policy.
Getting ready
ahead of time
for a possible earthquake
is crucial.
What are some steps
one should take?
Now as far as
preparedness,
we recommend that people
keep a supply of water.
Water is
extremely important,
food is as well,
but one of the things
you should understand
about food is that
typically we have things
stored in our refrigerators
and very often we lose
the electrical utilities
after a big earthquake.
Everything
in your refrigerator
is going to have to
be eaten pretty quickly,
so food is less important
than water,
you must have water.
There are many systems
now to purify water.
I think it grew
out of the trend
of people going hiking
and backpacking where
water had to be purified,
but it can be done by pill.
There are types of tablets,
there are also
water purification systems
that can be purchased.
But basically, I think
the best thing to do
is just have tap water,
bottled water, that’s
probably the best thing,
just to store,
and typically
a couple of gallons a day
per person.
We also recommend that
people keep additional
supplies of medication
that they need,
that they have
a battery operated radio
to obtain information
after the event,
that they have a flashlight
with extra batteries,
a first aid kit, and also
the understanding of how
to turn off your utilities
if need be,
but we recommend that
people turn off their gas
only if they smell gas.
So those are some of the
things that people can do.
As far as the house itself
is concerned,
we recommend that people
get positive catch latches
for their cupboards
in the kitchen, that
they secure tall, heavy
furniture, refrigerators
and book cases and
mirrors and other objects
that could fall
and cause damage,
particularly breakage.
When we return,
Dr. Goltz will discuss
some Internet-based tools
that aid emergency
responders in assessing
how many people
may possibly need help
in an area
after a seismic event.
Please stay tuned
to Supreme Master
Television.
Welcome back to
Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home
here on
Supreme Master Television
and our program
on earthquake safety
featuring Dr Jim Goltz,
Earthquake and Tsunami
Program Manager for
the Preparedness Division
of the California
Emergency Management
Agency, USA.
To help communities
affected by a quake
as quickly as possible,
officials in the US
such as Dr. Goltz
rely on “ShakeMaps”
generated by
the United States
Geological Survey
to predict the extent
of the damage.
These are some of the
technologies and tools
that we have available to us
as emergency managers
that really give us
advanced, very rapid,
almost real-time
information about
what’s happened.
And it allows us
to mobilize more quickly.
It allows us to mobilize in
the most intelligent way,
knowing that
an earthquake with
this kind of shaking,
this close to a population
center is really going
to be a full mobilization
of resources.
Shake map has really
been one of our most
important technologies,
probably,
over the last 20 years
in terms of
emergency response.
It gives you information
about the earthquake itself,
in this case an aftershock
of the Chile earthquake,
but it also gives you a sense
of how much exposure
there was to various levels
of ground shaking.
And you can see
that this is color
coded to correspond to
levels of shaking.
Up to about level six,
there’s really
not too much danger, but
when we get to intensity
seven, eight, nine, 10,
you’re getting into zones
where clearly there’s
a danger to people.
This particular
aftershock, it was 5.7.
So you can see that there’s
no population exposure
to severe shaking.
Some exposure,
about 5,000 people,
to very strong shaking,
but when we had the
magnitude seven in Haiti,
the magnitude 8.8
in Chile, you had
very large segments
of the population exposed
to these levels of shaking.
Dr. Goltz now gives
a brief demonstration
of PAGER
(Prompt Assessment
of Global Earthquakes
for Response), another
Internet-based tool
used by the United States
Geological Survey
to estimate
the number of people
affected by a quake.
He uses the February 2010
Chilean earthquake
as an example.
The largest earthquake
ever recorded
by modern instruments
was in Chile
in May of 1960, a 9.5.
Now this was also
a very big earthquake,
and you can see, over
three and a half million
people were exposed to
shaking intensity eight.
There was damage
in Santiago,
which is the largest city
that was involved
in the earthquake,
but it was over 200 miles
from the epicenter.
So to some extent, it
probably wasn’t exposed
to the highest intensities,
but nevertheless,
there was damage.
But these coastal towns
along here were not only
hit by the earthquake,
but they also had
a local tsunami here that
also caused fatalities.
This is one way that
we find out fairly quickly
that we’ve got
a serious problem.
Those living
in coastal areas
are at greatest risk
of being affected
by an earthquake-induced
tsunami.
One should always
listen to announcements
by local authorities to learn
if evacuation is required.
Sometimes
an underwater landslide
can trigger a tsunami,
but it would tend
to be very localized.
Tsunamis are generated
typically by
very large earthquakes
in subduction zones,
along the plate boundaries.
This was the case with
the earthquake in Chile.
And this was the case
with the Sumatra
Earthquake and
Indian Ocean Tsunami.
Very large earthquakes
in Chile, magnitude 8.8,
in Sumatra,
the earthquake was
between a 9 and a 9.3.
So these earthquakes
generate tsunamis, and
basically what you have
is a column of water
that goes all the way
from the top to the bottom
of the ocean, and
moves across the ocean
very, very quickly,
about the speed
that a jet airliner flies.
So let me use the example
of the Chile earthquake,
and the tsunami
that it generated.
The earthquake in Chile
happened about 3:30
in the morning local time,
but about 10:30 our time,
10:30 in the evening
on Friday night.
And we knew within
about two hours that it
had generated a tsunami.
If the earthquake
is centered nearby
and one is on the beach,
quick action may be needed.
If they feel an earthquake
that lasts more than
20 seconds and if
it’s strong enough to
knock them off their feet
and they are on the beach,
they need to move inland
right away.
Human beings
are not the only ones
affected by quakes.
Our animal companions
are also impacted.
Sometimes pets
will perceive a p-wave,
(pressure wave), which is
sort of the sound wave
before the stronger,
shear waves arrive.
Sometimes
it’s hard to find your pets
after an earthquake,
but there are facilities
that will take pets.
If you have to
evacuate your home and
the shelter where you go
or the friend’s house
or the relative’s house
or the neighbor’s house
can’t accommodate
your pet, there are places
that will take pets
of various kinds,
including large animals
like horses and
other large animals.
We sincerely thank
Dr. Jim Goltz
for his sound advice
on what to do in case of
an earthquake or tsunami,
and for showing us
some of the tools that
emergency responders
rely on to aid victims.
May we all make
earthquake preparedness
a priority
to ensure the safety
of ourselves and others.
For more details on
earthquake preparedness,
please visit:
California Emergency
Management Agency
CMS.CalEMA.ca.gov
Southern California
Earthquake Center
www.DropCoverHoldon.org
For access to PAGER,
ShakeMaps, and
continually updated
details on earthquakes
around the world
please visit:
United States
Geological Survey’s
Earthquake Hazards
Program
Earthquake.USGS.gov
Thank you
for your kind company
on today’s edition of
Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home.
Up next is
Enlightening Entertainment
after Noteworthy News.
May we all soon adopt
compassionate lifestyles
so that our Earth becomes
more stable and calm.
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