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PLANET EARTH: OUR LOVING HOME
Earthquake Survival with Dr. Jim Goltz - P1/2
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In California which
is very seismically active,
we have between 40 and
80 earthquakes a day.
Some of them very small,
typically only measured
by instruments that
are extremely sensitive,
but a few of those
earthquakes come
above the threshold
to be felt by people.
Hallo,
thoughtful viewers, and
welcome to Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home.
Thus far in 2010 several
powerful earthquakes
have struck the Earth,
with January’s
7.3 magnitude quake
in Haiti and February’s
8.8 magnitude temblor
in southern Chile causing
the most destruction
as they were centered
in highly populated areas.
On today’s program we’ll
speak with Dr. Jim Goltz,
Earthquake and Tsunami
Program Manager in
the Preparedness Division
of the California
Emergency Management
Agency, USA
to learn about earthquakes
and appropriate responses
to a quake.
Dr. Goltz
has been involved
in earthquake research,
planning, preparedness and
mitigation for 35 years.
To begin, he will discuss
what causes temblors
and how to know
if a quake is occurring.
Earthquakes
occur on faults.
There are
thousands of faults
around the world.
Some of the largest
earthquakes occur
around the borders of the
great tectonic plates that
characterize our planet.
And we just recently had
two of those earthquakes
on plate boundaries,
the earthquake in Haiti
and also
the earthquake in Chile.
So these are large
plate boundary events.
The earthquake process
is largely random.
We have earthquakes
somewhere in the world
every day
and it just happens
that occasionally,
unfortunately,
large earthquakes
happen near
populated centers and
then we have a disaster.
It’s very frequent that we
have large earthquakes
out in the ocean
or in unpopulated areas
and they simply
don’t make the news at all.
And how would people
know when an earthquake
is occurring?
Well, obviously
you perceive the shaking
and sometimes
the shaking is very slight.
It can be confused
with a truck going by
or, a sonic boom
or something else,
but the very large earthquakes
that cause damage
are pretty unmistakable.
The ground motion,
the shaking and the noise,
it’s pretty evident
when you have a large
earthquake occurring.
Seismologists use a scale
to measure the intensity
of an earthquake
and Dr. Goltz
now explains this system.
We use what we call
the “Moment Magnitude
Scale” typically.
But the scales
are logarithmic,
so the earthquake that
is a magnitude seven is
about 32 times the energy
released than a six.
So, at magnitude seven,
the Haiti earthquake
compared to
the Chilean earthquake
at magnitude 8.8,
the 8.8 was about
500 times larger than the
earthquake that hit Haiti.
We often hear
different terms
to describe types
of earthquakes,
such as “pre-shock,”
“main shock”
and “aftershock.”
What do these terms mean?
The main shock is typically
the largest earthquake
that occurs in a sequence.
Sometimes you have
a smaller earthquake
that occurs prior
to the main shock, which
we call a pre-shock.
And then of course
in the case of both Chile
and Haiti, we had many
relatively large aftershocks
that occur
in the same zone in which
the main shock occurred,
but follow the main shock.
In many cases,
probably in the case
of the earthquake in Chile,
those aftershocks
will go on for months
and perhaps even years.
To maximize safety,
what’s the best way
to react when we sense
an earthquake is occurring?
There are good ways
to respond and there are
not so good ways
to respond.
I think the most
important thing that
people can understand
about earthquakes
is don’t run.
We highly discourage
running during the
shaking of an earthquake.
Many people do, but
epidemiological studies
that have been done by
schools of public health
following earthquakes
(say), “The greater
the movement of people,
the greater
the probability of injury.”
We had an earthquake
in Paso Robles in central
California (USA)
in 2003,
just before Christmas.
And the only fatalities
in that earthquake were
two women, who
were in an unreinforced
masonry building that
was serving as a store.
And had they stayed in
the building, they would
have been perfectly okay,
but they ran outside,
part of the roof slid off
and killed them both.
So, we recommend strongly
that you stay inside,
take cover, rather than
going outside
during the shaking.
We recommend
that people drop, cover
under something heavy,
like a table or a desk
and hold on to that.
We feel
that the greatest danger
is from falling objects
within a building,
not so much the collapse
of the building which
is often rare, but from
objects within the house,
lighting fixtures, pictures,
books, various objects
that could cause injury.
So again, what
we recommend is that
people learn that when
they feel an earthquake
they should drop, cover
and hold on.
Until the shaking ends.
If it’s clear after
the earthquake is over,
once the shaking ceases,
if there’s
obviously damage, you
should exit the building.
But do it
in a deliberate way;
you needn’t run after
the shaking has stopped.
During a seismic event,
natural gas pipes
and appliances can
become damaged and begin
to release gas into the air.
This is highly dangerous
as an explosion or fire
can occur if the gas ignites.
If one does smell gas,
Dr. Goltz has
the following advice.
You should turn off the gas.
Turn off the gas
at the main, at the source.
When we return,
Dr. Goltz will continue
to share
earthquake survival tips.
Please stay tuned
to Supreme Master
Television.
Welcome back to
Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home
here on
Supreme Master Television
and our program
on earthquake safety
featuring Dr Jim Goltz,
Earthquake and Tsunami
Program Manager in
the Preparedness Division
of the California
Emergency Management
Agency, USA.
Next, Dr. Goltz explains
how to proceed if we’re
in a high rise building
when a quake strikes.
Don’t use the elevator.
Don’t use elevators.
I think
in a high rise building
with a lot of windows,
you’d want to move away
from the windows.
An interior wall
is also an alternative;
if there’s nothing to
get under, we recommend
that people just drop,
cover and hold on
next to an interior wall.
And also people
with disabilities, I mean
there’s certain people
who are wheelchair bound,
for example, who can’t
get under a table,
but they should, remain
where they are,
move away from windows
but also just to crouch
and cover their heads
and lock the wheels
on their wheelchair.
Is a doorway a safe place
to be during a temblor?
Will it provide
adequate protection?
I think
it’s an important point
to bring up.
I think early on,
maybe in the early part
of the 20th century,
we noticed that when
there was severe damage
due to earthquakes
of unreinforced
masonry buildings,
sometimes a doorway
seemed to provide
the greatest protection,
because it was reinforced.
But I think
as time went on,
and unreinforced
masonry buildings
became reinforced or
they simply were torn down,
the door jamb ceased
to be the best place to be.
For one thing, it’s
not necessarily anymore
that it’s reinforced.
Second of all,
a door has hinges and
can move back and forth;
you can either pinch
your fingers in the door
or the door can
slam into you while
you’re standing there
for protection.
So, again the current
best practice is to
get under heavy furniture,
preferably a table or desk
and hold on to it.
Because even very heavy
objects like a desk can
move in an earthquake,
so basically you move
with it, but underneath.
If one is outside a structure
during a seismic event,
Dr. Goltz has
the following ideas
for keeping safe.
I think if you’re outside,
you’re generally okay.
There’s probably nothing
that’s going to fall on you.
I would be concerned
about overhead
electrical wires.
Trees typically
don’t get knocked over
by earthquakes.
They certainly probably
shake quite a bit,
but, unless
something is terribly old
and ready
to come down anyway,
but I generally wouldn’t
worry about trees.
If you’re on the freeway
or if you’re on a road
or a street, generally
the earthquake has to be
about a magnitude 5.5
before you can
actually perceive it
as being an earthquake.
If you sense shaking
while you’re driving, it’s
recommended that you
pull over in a safe area,
not under (electrical)
wires preferably,
not on a bridge
or under a bridge;
just pull over
and stay in the car.
The car
has shock absorbers;
it’ll probably give you
greater protection than
if you were
to get out onto the street
or the berm of the street.
To conclude
today’s program, Dr. Goltz
has some suggestions
on preparing children
for an earthquake
and how to help them
cope with their emotions
following the event.
Children are
one of our greatest assets
in disaster response,
because children actually
take our advice seriously.
Sometimes adults don't.
But I think that
it is important for children
to understand what to do
in an earthquake,
how to respond, and
often though, it's children
who are the teachers
and the parents
who are the students,
because often we have
curricula in our schools
that deal with earthquakes
and tsunamis,
particularly in earthquake
and tsunami prone areas.
And children seem
to understand and recall
what to do very, very well.
There was a young girl
who was vacationing
in Thailand at the time of
the Sumatra Earthquake
and Indian Ocean Tsunami
who, when she observed
the ocean recede
at the beach resort
where they were staying,
she realized immediately
that this was a sign that
a tsunami was coming.
She notified her parents,
her parents told the hotel,
the hotel was able to notify
about a hundred people
staying there, and
those people all survived.
So, I think that the children
are a wonderful asset,
they're great teachers.
And I think that parents
need to reinforce
the information
that they have, affirm it,
and do it themselves.
We always encourage
teachers whenever
there are drills in schools,
to also drop, cover
and hold on,
not stand there and
watch the children do it,
because they have to
understand that adults
take this seriously as well.
But generally,
children do pretty well
and occasionally
we do find that in the
aftermath of earthquakes,
sometimes we want to
encourage children
to express how they felt
about the earthquake,
to talk about their fears,
and make sure that there
are no lingering concerns
or things that
they need to talk about
but they can’t.
We sincerely thank
Dr. Jim Goltz for sharing
his precious knowledge
on earthquake
survival skills.
Please join us
next Wednesday
on Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home, when
he’ll provide more advice
about earthquake safety.
For continually updated
details on earthquakes
around the world
please visit:
United States
Geological Survey’s
Earthquake Hazards
Program
Earthquake.USGS.gov
Thank you
for your kind company
on today’s edition of
Planet Earth:
Our Loving Home.
Up next is
Enlightening Entertainment,
following
Noteworthy News.
May we all be embraced
by the Divine love
and grace from Heaven.
Can trees be grown
in the hot arid desert?
The New Loulan Project
is to create the only
“desert forest”
in the world.
In other words,
to make the desert
become green again.
To learn more about
this amazing initiative,
please join us for
“The New Loulan Project:
Revitalizing an Oasis
in China’s
Taklimakan Desert,”
Sunday, May 2 on
Good People, Good Works.
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