森林砍伐
畜養動物是伐林的主因之一。4 (聯合國糧食及農業組織,2006 年) 自1990 年代至今,亞馬遜地區的伐林,約90%是為了開墾土地用來牧牛或種植飼料。5 這20 年來,澳洲的樹林砍伐,91%是為了當作牧場。 6 (近日昆士蘭州政府委託環境暨資源管理局前首席科學家傑瑞德‧畢夏普先生〔Gerard Bisshop〕所做的20 年研究報告)
土地沙漠化
過度放牧和不斷擴大飼料種植面積,造成土地沙漠化。7 (《聯合國防治沙漠化公約》〔UNCCD〕主題專案3:乾燥地區的牧地管理及沙丘固定,2003 年) 50%的土壤遭受侵蝕,導致土地沙漠化。8 農業管理不善、氣候變遷和放牧活動,造成每年約750億噸表土受侵蝕。單單在美國,就有54%的牧地被過度放牧,每公頃土地每年損失100噸以上的表土。 9 (最近在澳洲新南威爾斯州舉行的碳耕會議上,約翰‧克勞馥教授〔John Crawford〕提出的研究報告) 2010年,伊拉克、中國、查德、澳洲、蒙古和其他國家發生嚴重乾旱,而放牧動物讓旱情更加嚴重。
參考來源
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