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| 氣候變遷的事實 - 對人類的衝擊
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氣候難民
- 目前估計已有2,500萬至3,000萬氣候難民。到2050年，人數可能會增加到2億或高達10億。
- 尼泊爾第1個「氣候難民村」，有150人因氣候暖化引起水源短缺而被迫進行重新安置。（2010年7月）
衝突
- 美國情報體系（Intelligence Community）認為，地球暖化是一項嚴重的安全威脅。美國首席情報分析員托馬斯‧芬加（Thomas Fingar）表示，世界上的很多地區，不久將因為洪水和乾旱而導致大規模移民潮和動盪不安。 （2010年）
- 證據指出，全球暖化是達佛（Darfur）發生暴力事件的主要原因。（《大西洋月刊》〔Atlantic Monthly〕，2007年）
疾病
- 氣溫升高，導致瘧疾、藍舌病病毒、西尼羅病毒、登革熱和其他疾病額外傳播給數以百萬的人，這些人住在緯度較高地區或其他大陸地區，本來不會暴露在這些傳染病之中。
- 由於氣候變遷，到2080年，會增加4億人遭受感染瘧疾之威脅。（聯合國 ）
- 隨著全球暖化，預計將有更多的呼吸系統疾病（如氣喘）和精神疾病（由於災難所引起）。
死亡
- 氣候變遷引起的災難，在1年裡已造成315,000人死亡，另有3.25億人受到嚴重影響。（全球人道論壇〔Global Humanitarian Forum〕，2009年）
糧食短缺
- 在本世紀內，世界一半人口將面臨嚴重的糧食短缺。 （《科學》雜誌，華盛頓大學的研究人員，2009年）
- 俄羅斯、德國、加拿大、阿根廷、澳洲、烏克蘭、巴基斯坦等國，農穫量已因乾旱或洪水而減少。 （2010年9月）
- 2010年8月，全球糧食價格上漲了5%。在莫三比克，因麵包漲價所引起的糧食暴動導致10人死亡、300人受傷。（2010年9月）
- 由於氣候變遷加上印度與中國人民對動物飼料的需求增加，導致食物價格高漲，引發了2008年致命的全球糧食暴動。（聯合國世界糧食計畫署〔World Food Programme〕)
- 在2009年，世界飢餓人口首次突破10億人。
- 全世界每年超過900萬人死於飢餓和營養不良，其中500萬人是兒童。
缺水
- 世界上的河流正處於全球性的「危機狀態」。供應近80%世界人口的水資源正遭到嚴重威脅。根據研究，近三分之一的水源也因生物多樣性的喪失而面臨高度危險。 （美國威斯康辛大學麥迪遜分校的研究學者彼得‧麥金太爾教授〔Peter McIntyre〕暨紐約市立學院的建模專家查爾斯‧佛洛斯馬提〔Charles Vörösmarty〕）
- 最近的缺水區域報告：
- 中東地區的供水已經縮減為1960年的四分之一。 （阿拉伯環境與發展論壇〔AFED〕，2010年） 由於乾旱，底格里斯河和幼發拉底河水位已降至平常的三分之一以下。 （聯合國機構間情報和分析單位〔IAU〕）
- 英國氣候越來越熱，夏季越來越乾燥，河流水量已減少 80%，可能導致極端的缺水情況。（2010年英國政府科學辦公室〔Government Office for Science〕）
- 供應我們世界一半人口的井水之地下水源正逐漸枯竭。（澳洲蒙那許大學蘭斯‧安得斯碧教授〔Lance Endersbee〕）
- 11億人無法獲得安全的飲用水。（世界衛生組織〔World Health Organization〕，2005年）
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| 參考來源 |
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- Reed, S. Environment and Security (2007, August). Climate Institute. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.climate.org/topics/environmental-security/index.html
- Shah, A. (2010, June 1). Nepal’s First Climate Refugee Village in Mustang. Nepali Times 511. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://chimalaya.org/2010/06/01/nepals-first-climate-refugee-village-in-mustang/
- Sharma, D. (2010, July 12). Climate refugees in Mustang. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nepalitimes.com.np/issue/2010/07/16/FromtheNepaliPress/17269
- Romm, J. (2010, November 11). Veterans Day, 2030. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://climateprogress.org/2010/11/11/veterans-day-2030/ - Warrick, J. and Pincus, W. (2008, September 10). Reduced Dominance Is Predicted for U.S. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/09/AR2008090903302.html - Romm, J. (2007, March 11). The Real Roots of Darfur: Climate Change. An article on Atlantic Monthly report. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://climateprogress.org/2007/03/11/the-real-roots-of-darfur-climate-change/
- Sachs, J.D. (2008, February). Crisis in the Drylands. Scientific American [Electronic edition]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=crisis-in-the-drylands - University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (2009, February 9). Role Of Climate Change In Disease Spread Examined. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090205142203.htm
- Kenya Medical Research Institute [KEMRI] (2010, January 4). Warmer temperatures spreading malaria in Afric. The Ecologist. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/391702/warmer_temperatures_spreading_malaria_in_africa.html
- ibid.
- Climate Change and Public Health (2009, December 14). US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.cdc.gov/climatechange/effects/airquality.htm - Sohn, E. (2010, December 10). Mental Health to Decline With Climate Change. Discovery News. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://news.discovery.com/earth/climate-change-metal-health.html - Rowling, M. (2009, May 29). Climate change causes 315,000 deaths a year. An article on Global Humanitarian Forum study. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/29/us-climate-human-idUSTRE54S29P20090529
- Stricherz, V. (2009, January 8). Half of world’s population could face climate-induced food crisis by 2100. University of Washington News. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://uwnews.org/article.asp?articleID=46272
- MacFarquhar, N. (2010, September 3). U.N. Raises Concerns as Global Food Prices Jump. The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/04/world/04food.html - ibid.
- Choursina, K. and Krasnolutska, D. (2009, September 28). Drought Threatens Ukraine’s Winter Crops, Weather Center Says. Bloomberg. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aqyYk3aJNynU
- Pakistan floods cause ‘huge losses’ to crops (2010, August 12). BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-10948275
- Borger, J. (2008, February 26). Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits. An article on UN World Food Program statement. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/26/food.unitednations
- Rowling, M. (2009, Mar 27). World’s hungry exceed 1 billion, U.N. tells Financial Times. AlertNet. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.alertnet.org/db/an_art/20316/2009/02/27-170057-1.htm - Shah, A. (2010, October 3). Causes of Hunger are related to Poverty. Global Issues. etrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.globalissues.org/article/7/causes-of-hunger-are-related-to-poverty - Devitt, T. (2010, September 29). Report casts world’s rivers in ‘crisis state’. Physorg.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.physorg.com/news204985121.html ; - AFP (2010, September 29). ‘River crisis’ worsens threat of water scarcity - study. France 24. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.france24.com/en/20100929-river-crisis-worsens-threat-water-scarcity-study - Lyon, A. (2010, November 14). Arab world among most vulnerable to climate change. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AD1BK20101114 - ibid.
- Webster, B. (2010, february 26). Climate change report sets out an apocalyptic vision of Britain. The Times. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article7041857.ece - Gray, L. (2010, February 26). Land management in UK must change to cope with climate change. The Telegraph. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/7317864/Land-management-in-UK-must-change-to-cope-with-climate-change.html - Press Association (2010, february, 26). Britain’s green spaces under threat from water shortages and house prices. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2006/3310endersbee_water.html
- UN, World Health Organization [WHO] (2005). Facsheet On Water and Sanitation. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/factsheet.html
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