- 能源和飲食這兩個關鍵因素必須大幅轉變,才能避免氣候變遷對環境造成嚴重的影響。隨著人口不斷增加,以動物製品為主的飲食習慣必須改變。(聯合國環境規劃署〔UNEP〕,《消費和生產對環境影響的評估》〔Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Consumption and Production〕,2010年)
- 從2050年的預估數字來看,肉類和乳品的消費量將成倍增長,這使得畜牧業產生的溫室氣體、全球的生物質消耗量(用來餵養牲畜的植物數量)和活性氮(糞肥和化肥對環境造成多重危害)大幅增加,進而危及地球。到2050年,完全從大豆攝取蛋白質的飲食,比起完全從肉類攝取蛋白質,對環境的影響只有後者的1%。(加拿大達爾豪西大學佩爾第埃博士〔Pelletier〕,2010年)
- 1個人吃素1年所減少的溫室氣體排放量,比換開豐田混合動力車「普銳斯」(Prius)還多。(芝加哥大學在美國的報告,2006年)
- 以完全食用當地食材與完全食用蔬食比較,純素飲食所減少的碳排是前者的7倍。(卡內基美隆大學,2008年)
- 2008年,德國食物觀察組織(Foodwatch Institute)的報告指出,從包括肉類和乳品的傳統飲食改為有機飲食,只減少碳排8%,但如果改採純素飲食,即使不是有機生產,仍可減少碳排87%。相比之下,採行100%有機純素飲食,將可減少碳排94%。
- 以大豆蛋白質取代所有肉類的飲食,到2050年將減少碳排96%。 〔加拿大達爾豪西大學佩爾第埃博士,2010年〕
- 生產1公斤牛肉,會產生19公斤的二氧化碳排放,而生產1公斤馬鈴薯,只會產生280克的二氧化碳。 (瑞典食品與生物技術研究所〔Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology〕烏爾夫‧索尼森〔Ulf Sonesson〕,2009年)
- 多吃雞肉等動物產品來代替牛肉,並無助於減輕對環境的影響。研究人員發現雞肉蛋白質的能源效率等級只有5%,而植物性食物,例如:番茄為60%,柑橘和馬鈴薯為 170%,燕麥500%。(芝加哥大學埃胥爾〔Eshel〕和瑪汀〔Martin〕的報告第7頁,2005年)
- 吃魚也無助於減輕對環境的影響。由於捕撈鮪魚等大型魚類,需要長途航行,耗費能源,而即使所謂「最佳管理」的養魚場也會對環境產生廣泛的破壞,所以吃魚一樣效能低。(加拿大卑詩省維多利亞大學約翰沃爾普博士〔John Volpe〕)
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參考來源 |
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http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/documents/pdf/PriorityProductsAndMaterials_Report_Full.pdf
- Pelletier, N. and Tyedmers, P. (2010, October). Forecasting potential global environmental costs of livestock production 2000–2050. PNAS. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from PNAS website http://www.pnas.org/content/107/43/18371.full.pdf
- Study: Vegan diets healthier for planet, people than meat diets (2006, April 13). An article on University of Chicago in the US report. EurekAlert!. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-04/uoc-svd041306.php
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http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es702969f
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http://www.foodwatch.de/foodwatch/content/e6380/e24459/e24474
/foodwatch_report_on_the_greenhouse_effect_of_farming_05_2009_ger.pdf
- Schiessl, M. and Schwägerl, C. (2008, August 27). Meat’s Contribution to Global Warming ‘The Cow Is a Climate Bomb’. Spiegel online. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,574754,00.html
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http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/09/27/1004659107.abstract
- Raloff, J. (2009, February 15). AAAS: Climate-friendly dining … meats, The carbon footprints of raising livestock for food. ScienceNews. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/40934/title/Science_%2B_the_Public__AAAS_Climate-
friendly_dining_%E2%80%A6_meats
- Eshel, G. and Martin, P. (2005, May). Diet, Energy and Global Warming, p 6. University of Chicago. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from wePapers website
http://www.wepapers.com/Papers/48709 /Diet,_Energy_and__Global_Warming_Gidon_Eshel_and_Pamela_Martin
- Volpe, J. and Knight, J. (2010, October 27). Large-Scale Fish Farm Production Offsets Environmental Gains. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada website http://communications.uvic.ca/releases/release.php?display=release&id=1176
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