森林砍伐
畜养动物是伐林的主因之一。4 (联合国粮食及农业组织,2006 年) 自1990 年代至今,亚马逊地区的伐林,约90%是为了开垦土地用来牧牛或种植饲料。5 这20 年来,澳洲的树林砍伐,91%是为了当作牧场。 6 (近日昆士兰州政府委托环境暨资源管理局前首席科学家杰瑞德_毕夏普先生〔Gerard Bisshop〕所做的20 年研究报告)
土地沙漠化
过度放牧和不断扩大饲料种植面积,造成土地沙漠化。7 (《联合国防治沙漠化公约》〔UNCCD〕主题专案3:干燥地区的牧地管理及沙丘固定,2003 年) 50%的土壤遭受侵蚀,导致土地沙漠化。8 农业管理不善、气候变迁和放牧活动,造成每年约750亿吨表土受侵蚀。单单在美国,就有54%的牧地被过度放牧,每公顷土地每年损失100吨以上的表土。 9 (最近在澳洲新南威尔斯州举行的碳耕会议上,约翰_克劳馥教授〔John Crawford〕提出的研究报告) 2010年,伊拉克、中国、乍得、澳洲、蒙古和其他国家发生严重干旱,而放牧动物让旱情更加严重。
参考来源
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