A new Norwegian study published on November ２9, ２０１１ in the journal Addiction finds that alcohol availability during the open hours of pubs and bars has a direct effect on violence in the region, with one hour earlier closure reducing such disturbances, while closing an hour later yields an average of １6% higher violence.

http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-11-norwegian-bars-longer-violence.html
http://www.sciencenewsline.com/medicine/summary/2011112910090007.html