- Les événements météorologiques extrêmes sont de plus en plus intenses et fréquents.12,13 (GIEC 2007)
- Quelques événements catastrophiques de 2010 :
- Vague de chaleur et incendies en Russie. La vague de chaleur de l'été 2010 et l'air pollué suite aux incendies de forêt ont doublé le nombre de décès à Moscou, pour atteindre un total de 700 personnes par jour. (Académie russe des sciences). 14,15 Les représentants de la ville de Moscou en Russie ont signalé une augmentation de 60% du taux de mortalité au cours de l'été dernier, quand près de 11 000 Moscovites ont péri à cause des effets du nuage de pollution excessive et des températures record.16
- Inondations au Pakistan. Inondations massives, les pires dans l'histoire de la nation ont causé environ 2 000 décès et plus de 20 millions de blessés ou de sans-abri. Un cinquième du pays s'est retrouvé sous les eaux.17
- Glissements de terrain en Chine. Dans tout le pays, des inondations et glissements de terrain ont fait plus de 3 100 décès et plus de 1 000 disparus uniquement en 2010. Les inondations à travers la Chine se sont multipliées par sept depuis les années 1950.18
- Le Brésil a aussi été frappé par des inondations extrêmes en avril et juin 2010 avec à chaque fois des centaines de morts.19
- La Pologne a connu en mai 2010 ses pires inondations depuis des décennies.20
- Durant l'été 2010, les incendies de forêt qui ont fait rage au Portugal ont été stimulés par de faibles niveaux d'humidité, des vents forts et des températures record de 40° C.21
- En 2010, au Tchad et au Nigeria, la sécheresse puis les inondations qui ont suivi, ont balayé les quelques cultures vivrières qui restaient après la sécheresse.22
- Froid extrême et tempêtes de neige en 2010 en Inde, dans le sud de l'Europe, en Amérique du Nord et en Amérique du Sud.
- Un grand nombre de tremblements de terre et des activités volcaniques ont perturbé en 2010 l'Indonésie, l'Islande, la Turquie, le Chili, Haïti, etc.
- Le réchauffement climatique peut conduire les volcans couverts de glace, comme l'Eyjafjallajökull
en Islande, à plus facilement entrer en éruption en raison de la perte de glace causant un dégagement de pression sur les roches chaudes sous la surface de la Terre.23(Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2010)
- Glissements de terrain et avalanches en haute montagne se sont multipliés au cours de la décennie passée en raison du réchauffement climatique. Les volcans risquent de plus en plus de s'effondrer, ce qui entraînerait des méga-glissements de terrain sur les villes.24
(David Pyle, volcanologue de l'université d'Oxford, Bill McGuire de l'Université College de Londres et Rachel Lowe de l'université d'Exeter, Royaume-Uni)
- Les crues des lacs glaciaires sont plus nombreuses à mesure que les lacs issus de la fonte des glaciers s'étendent et se multiplient.25(Centre International pour le Développement Intégré des Montagnes (ICIMOD) à Katmandou, 2010)
 Référence
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drought-dust-bowls/
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- Hurricanes and Global Warming FAQs (n.d.). PEW Center on Global Climate Change. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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/3418508/story.html#ixzz1EQ6XLdHL
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- 2010 Pakistan floods (2010). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Pakistan_floods
- Hanley, C.J. (2010, August 12). Scientists: Summer fires, floods augur global warming. AP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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- Tran, M. (2010, August 9). Floods and mudslides on three continents, as drought hits Africa. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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- ibid.
- Forest fires break out in Portugal (2010, August 9). China Daily. Retrieved January 11, 2011
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2010-08/09/content_11120379.htm
- ibid 37.
- Matson, J. (2010, April 21). A warming world could trigger earthquakes, landslides and volcanoes. An online acticle on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (Physical, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences research. Scientific American [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=no-link-now-between-eyjafjallajando-2010-04-21
- Ravilious, K. (2010, October 15). A warming world could leave cities flattened. New Scientist [Electronic version], 2782. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827825.100-a-warming-world-could-leave-cities-flattened.html
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development [ICIMOD] (2010, September 16). NEPAL: Global warming swells glacial lakes, endangering thousands. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from ReliefWeb http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MUMA-89C7F5?OpenDocument
- Agba, D. (2010, November 13). Africa Loses 3.4 Million Hectares to Deforestation. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from allAfrica.com
http://allafrica.com/stories/201011150782.html
- Deforestation accounts for about 20% of CO2 emissions globally. (2010, July 17). Climate Central. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.climatecentral.org/library/climopedia
/deforestation_accounts_for_about_20_of_co2_emissions_globally/
- Confirmed: Deforestation Plays Critical Climate Change Role. (2007, May 11). ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070511100918.htm
- Warmer Climate Could Stifle Carbon Uptake by Trees, Study Finds. (2010, Jan 8). ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100107183136.htm
- Global warming could turn forests from sink to source of carbon emissions. (2009, April 16). An online acticle on International Union of Forest Research Organizations [IUFRO] report. mongabay.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0416-forests.html
- Graham, S. (2003, April 22). Rain Forests Release Carbon Dioxide in Response to Warmer Temperatures. Scientific American [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=rain-forests-release-carb
- Finnish Environment Institute (2010). Soil contributes to climate warming more than expected - Finnish research shows a flaw in climate models. University of Helsinki. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=351875&lan=en
- Fogarty, D. (2009, February 26). Australia fires release huge amount of CO2. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE51P12120090226
- Romm, J. (2008, April 25). Nature on stunning new climate feedback: Beetle tree kill releases more carbon than fires. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://climateprogress.org
/2008/04/25/nature-on-stunning-new-climate-feedback-beetle-tree-kill-releases-more-carbon-
than-fires/
- Adam, D. (2010, January 14). Arctic permafrost leaking methane at record levels, figures show. An acticle on Paul Palmer findig, a scientist at Edinburgh University. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jan/14/arctic-permafrost-methane
- Corwin, J.A. (2006, October 12). Russia: Siberia’s Once-Frozen Tundra Is Melting. An online acticle on Dr. Katie Walter finding. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1071976.html
- Fitzpatrick, M. (2010, January 6). Methane release ‘looks stronger’. An acticle on Professor Igor Semiletov finding, head of the International Siberian Shelf Study [ISSS], University of Alaska at Fairbanks, USA. BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8437703.stm
- Ljunggren, D. (2009, July 29). Arctic tundra hotter, boosts global warming: expert. An acticle on Professor Greg Henry research, University of British Columbia. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56S53E20090729
- Media Advisory: Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent for 2010 (2010, September 15). NSIDC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://nsidc.org/news/press/20100915_minimum.html - ibid 61.
- Global warming ‘speeds’ up gas emissions (2010, January 14). BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/8459770.stm
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http://www.news.com.au/arctic-greenhouse-gas-emissions-jump-30pc/story-e6frflrr-1225820280873
- Return to previous Arctic conditions is unlikely (2010). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s [NOAA] Arctic Report Card 2010 Update. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/
- Freedman, A. (2010, October 25). Arctic sea ice loss linked to severe U.S. winters. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://voices.washingtonpost.com/capitalweathergang/2010/10/report_details_warm_arctic-col.html
- More cold and snowy winters to come (2010, November 6). Oslo Science Conference. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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http://www.barentsobserver.com/more-cold-and-snowy-winters.4792360-16176.html
- Europe, US to see snowy, cold winters: expert (2010, June 11). An acticle on Dr. James Overland, of the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA statement. AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.france24.com/en/20100611-europe-us-see-snowy-cold-winters-expert
- Hansen, K. (2010, January 27). Arctic ‘Melt Season’ Is Growing Longer, New Research Demonstrates. NASA. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from Phsyorg.com
http://www.physorg.com/news183836066.html
- Palk, S. (2010, November 15). Arctic explorer’s race against time. CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/11/15/norwegian.explorer.arctic.voyage/
- Ljunggren, D. (2009, March 5). Arctic summer ice could vanish by 2013: expert. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE52468B20090305
- Arctic’s Legendary Northwest Passage is Ice-Free for the First Time in Recorded History (2007, August 29). Retrieved January 11, 2011 from The Daily Galaxy website
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/08/arctics-legenda.html
- Arctic Ice Especially Thin This Spring, Scientists Say (2009, April 7). Associated Press [AP]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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http://www.damocles-eu.org/research/Arctic_sea_ice_extent_third_lowest_on_record.shtml
- McDermott, M. (2010, February 8). Arctic Melting Triple Threat: Less Winter Ice Means More Summer Melt, It’s All Happening Faster Than Thought + It’s Going to Cost Us... Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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- Arctic Sea Ice Continues to Decline, Arctic Temperatures Continue to Rise In 2005 (2005, September 28). NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/arcticice_decline.html
- European Space Agency [ESA] (2010, January 22). Ice sheets report. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
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- US warns of record Arctic warming (2010, October 22). An article on NOAA Arctic Report Card 2010 Update. AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.france24.com/en/20101022-us-warns-record-arctic-warming
and http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101022/sc_afp/environmentusclimatearctic - Corum, J. and Xaqun G.V. (2010, November 12). Restless Ice. The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/14/science/20101114-ice.html
- ibid.
- United States Environment Protection Agency [U.S. EPA] (2010, August 19). Future Sea Level Changes. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/futureslc.html
- Water flowing through ice sheets accelerates warming, could speed up ice flow (2010, November 3). University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences [CIRES]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.physorg.com/news/2010-11-ice-sheets.html
- Greenland glacier calves island four times the size of Manhattan (2010, August 6). University of Delaware. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.physorg.com/news200326075.html
- Huge ice island breaks from Greenland glacier (2010, August 7). BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10900235,
- Morrison, L. (2010, August 11). Ice island breaks off glacier. The Wheather Network. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/storm_watch_stories3&stormfile=greenland_iceisland_11_08_2010?ref=ccbox_weather_topstories - Belluscio, A. (2010, September 3). What lies beneath Antarctic ice. Nature News. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100903/full/news.2010.442.html?s=news_rss and
http://canadianclimateaction.wordpress.com/2010/09/27/methane-bubbling-off-the-antarctic-
peninsula-hello-paleocene-eocene-thermal-maximum/
- Lamont-Doherty (2010, June 20). New research sheds light on Antarctica’s melting Pine Island Glacier. British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.physorg.com/news196255601.html
- How’s Antarctica faring? Experts fly over ice to find out (2010, November 15). MSNBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40117241/ns/us_news-environment/
- Conway, E. (2010, January 12). Is Antarctica Melting? NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/20100108_Is_Antarctica_Melting.html
- Wilkins Ice Shelf Image (2009, April 12). NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1341.html - ibid 94.
- Qiu, J. (2010, November 10). Measuring the meltdown. Nature [Electronic version] 468, 141-142. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101110/full/468141a.html
- Casassa, G. (2010).South American glaciers on the retreat. UNEP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.grida.no/publications/et/pt/page/2565.aspx
- Feldman, S. (2009, May 6). Bolivia’s Chacaltaya Glacier Melts to Nothing 6 Years Early. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://solveclimatenews.com/news/20090506/bolivias-chacaltaya-glacier-melts-nothing-6-years-early - Stracansky P., (2010, November 13). Fast Melting Glaciers Threaten Biodiversity. Inter Press Service [IPS] / International Federation of Environmental Journalists [IFEJ] / UNEP/ CBD. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=53552
- Hance, J. (2009, November 2). Goodbye, snows of Kilimanjaro. An article on Proceedings of the National Academy of Science [PNAS] report. mongabay.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://news.mongabay.com/2009/1102-hance_kilimanjaro.html
- Romm, J. (2009, March 3). Another climate impact coming faster than predicted: Glacier National Park to go glacier-free a decade early. An article on US Geological Survey report. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://climateprogress.org/2009/03/03/global-warming-impact-faster-than-predicted-glacier-national-
park-decade-early-2020-2030/
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