- Extreme weather events are becoming more intense and more frequent.12,13 (IPCC 2007)
- Some of 2010’s major disaster events:
- Russian heat wave and fires.
The summer 2010 heat wave as well as the polluted air from the forest
fires caused fatalities in Moscow to double to a total of 700 people
per day. 14,15 (Russian Academy of Sciences) City
officials of Moscow, Russia reported a 60% increase in the mortality
rate this past summer, when nearly 11,000 of the city’s inhabitants
perished due to the effects of excessive smog and record high
temperatures. 16
- Pakistani floods. Massive
floods, the worst in nation’s history, result in about 2,000
fatalities, more than 20 million injured or homeless. One‐fifth of
country was underwater.17
- Chinese landslides. Nationwide
floods and landslides leave over 3,100 killed and over 1,000 missing
in 2010 alone. Floods across China increased sevenfold since the 1950s.
18
- Brazil was also struck by extreme heavy floods in April and June 2010 with hundreds of fatalities each time.19
- Poland suffered her worst flooding in decades in May 2010.20
- Forest fires raged in Portugal
in summer 2010, spurred on by low humidity levels, strong winds, and
temperatures reaching record highs of 40 degrees Celsius.21
- In Chad and Nigeria in 2010, drought then floods that wiped out the small amounts of food crops left after the drought.22
- Extreme cold and snow storms in 2010 in India, Northern Europe, North America, and South America
- A lot of earthquakes and volcano activity in 2010 disrupted Indonesia, Iceland, Turkey, Chile, Haiti, etc.
- Global
warming can cause ice-capped volcanoes like Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull
to more easily erupt due to the ice loss causing a release of pressure
on the hot rocks beneath the Earth’s surface. 23(Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2010)
- Landslides and
avalanches in high mountains have increased over the past decade due
to global warming. Volcanoes are increasingly at risk of collapse with
mega-landslides that could bury cities. 24
(David Pyle, a volcanologist at the University of Oxford, Bill McGuire
of University College London and Rachel Lowe at the University of
Exeter, UK)
- Glacial lake outburst floods are increasing as lakes from glacial melt grow in number and size. 25(International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Kathmandu, 2010)
 Nguồn liệu
- Romm, J. (2009, January 26). NOAA stunner: Climate change “largely irreversible for 1000 years,” with permanent Dust Bowls in Southwest and around the globe. An online acticle on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] finding. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://climateprogress.org/2009/01/26/noaa-climate-change-irreversible-1000-years-
drought-dust-bowls/
- Severe Drought Predicted to Grip the Globe By 2040. (2010, October 21). Environment News Service. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2010/2010-10-21-01.html
- Water shortages reach crisis levels in China (2010, September 13). Cable News Network [CNN]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/09/13/china.water.crisis/index.html
- Drought, wildfires put Brazil under environmental emergency (2010, September 8). MYsinchew.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.mysinchew.com/node/44603?tid=37
- Drought in Brazil’s Amazon basin forest, Pantanal (2010, September 7). Agence France-Presse [AFP]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.france24.com/en/20100907-drought-brazils-amazon-basin-forest-pantanal
- Three dead as sandstorms blanket northwest China (2010, April 25). AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.france24.com/en/20100425-three-dead-sandstorms-blanket-northwest-china
- Ahmed, S.A., Diffenbaugh, N.S. and Hertel, T.W. (2009, August 20). Climate Volatility Deepens Poverty Vulnerability in Developing Countries. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from Purdue University, News website http://www.purdue.edu/uns/x/2009b/090820DiffenbaughHertel.html#
- Clarke, J. (2010, June 11). Starving Chad chews on leaves, animal feed. Mail & Guardian online. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-06-11-starving-chad-chewon-leaves-animal-feed
- Longest, hottest drought on record, says Bureau of Meteorology (2008, october 11). The Australian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/health-science/longest-hottest-drought-on-record/story-
e6frg8gf-1111117721981
- Kohn, M. (2009, Jul 26). UN chief in Mongolia to highlight climate change. AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jHAMNZpU6UTXfenBraBdrD9Q5IfQ
- Rice, X. (2010, June 3). Severe drought causes hunger for 10 million in west Africa. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jun/03/drought-hunger-west-africa
- Romm, J. (2008, August 31). Why global warming means killer storms worse than Katrina and Gustav. An online acticle on the IPCC report. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://climateprogress.org/2008/08/31/why-global-warming-means-killer-storms-worse-
than-katrina-and-gustav-part-1/
- Hurricanes and Global Warming FAQs (n.d.). PEW Center on Global Climate Change. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.pewclimate.org/hurricanes.cfm
- Solovyov, D. (2010, August 17). Heat probably killed thousands in Moscow: scientist. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/17/us-russia-heat-deaths-idUSTRE67G2CZ20100817
- Weather shifts behind disasters need ‘urgent’ probe: UN (2020, August 19). AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.montrealgazette.com/technology/Weather+shifts+behind+disasters+need+urgent+probe
/3418508/story.html#ixzz1EQ6XLdHL
- Russian heatwave caused 11,000 deaths in Moscow: official (2010, September 17). AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.france24.com/en/20100917-russian-heatwave-caused-11000-deaths-moscow-official
- 2010 Pakistan floods (2010). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Pakistan_floods
- Hanley, C.J. (2010, August 12). Scientists: Summer fires, floods augur global warming. AP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38676877/ns/weather/
- Tran, M. (2010, August 9). Floods and mudslides on three continents, as drought hits Africa. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/09/floods-mudslides-drought-extreme-weather
- ibid.
- Forest fires break out in Portugal (2010, August 9). China Daily. Retrieved January 11, 2011
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2010-08/09/content_11120379.htm
- ibid 37.
- Matson, J. (2010, April 21). A warming world could trigger earthquakes, landslides and volcanoes. An online acticle on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (Physical, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences research. Scientific American [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=no-link-now-between-eyjafjallajando-2010-04-21
- Ravilious, K. (2010, October 15). A warming world could leave cities flattened. New Scientist [Electronic version], 2782. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827825.100-a-warming-world-could-leave-cities-flattened.html
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development [ICIMOD] (2010, September 16). NEPAL: Global warming swells glacial lakes, endangering thousands. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from ReliefWeb http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MUMA-89C7F5?OpenDocument
- Agba, D. (2010, November 13). Africa Loses 3.4 Million Hectares to Deforestation. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from allAfrica.com
http://allafrica.com/stories/201011150782.html
- Deforestation accounts for about 20% of CO2 emissions globally. (2010, July 17). Climate Central. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.climatecentral.org/library/climopedia
/deforestation_accounts_for_about_20_of_co2_emissions_globally/
- Confirmed: Deforestation Plays Critical Climate Change Role. (2007, May 11). ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070511100918.htm
- Warmer Climate Could Stifle Carbon Uptake by Trees, Study Finds. (2010, Jan 8). ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100107183136.htm
- Global warming could turn forests from sink to source of carbon emissions. (2009, April 16). An online acticle on International Union of Forest Research Organizations [IUFRO] report. mongabay.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0416-forests.html
- Graham, S. (2003, April 22). Rain Forests Release Carbon Dioxide in Response to Warmer Temperatures. Scientific American [Electronic version]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=rain-forests-release-carb
- Finnish Environment Institute (2010). Soil contributes to climate warming more than expected - Finnish research shows a flaw in climate models. University of Helsinki. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=351875&lan=en
- Fogarty, D. (2009, February 26). Australia fires release huge amount of CO2. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE51P12120090226
- Romm, J. (2008, April 25). Nature on stunning new climate feedback: Beetle tree kill releases more carbon than fires. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://climateprogress.org
/2008/04/25/nature-on-stunning-new-climate-feedback-beetle-tree-kill-releases-more-carbon-
than-fires/
- Adam, D. (2010, January 14). Arctic permafrost leaking methane at record levels, figures show. An acticle on Paul Palmer findig, a scientist at Edinburgh University. The Guardian. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jan/14/arctic-permafrost-methane
- Corwin, J.A. (2006, October 12). Russia: Siberia’s Once-Frozen Tundra Is Melting. An online acticle on Dr. Katie Walter finding. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1071976.html
- Fitzpatrick, M. (2010, January 6). Methane release ‘looks stronger’. An acticle on Professor Igor Semiletov finding, head of the International Siberian Shelf Study [ISSS], University of Alaska at Fairbanks, USA. BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8437703.stm
- Ljunggren, D. (2009, July 29). Arctic tundra hotter, boosts global warming: expert. An acticle on Professor Greg Henry research, University of British Columbia. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56S53E20090729
- Media Advisory: Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent for 2010 (2010, September 15). NSIDC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://nsidc.org/news/press/20100915_minimum.html - ibid 61.
- Global warming ‘speeds’ up gas emissions (2010, January 14). BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/8459770.stm
- Arctic greenhouse gas emissions jump 30pc. (2010, January 16). Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.news.com.au/arctic-greenhouse-gas-emissions-jump-30pc/story-e6frflrr-1225820280873
- Return to previous Arctic conditions is unlikely (2010). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s [NOAA] Arctic Report Card 2010 Update. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/
- Freedman, A. (2010, October 25). Arctic sea ice loss linked to severe U.S. winters. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://voices.washingtonpost.com/capitalweathergang/2010/10/report_details_warm_arctic-col.html
- More cold and snowy winters to come (2010, November 6). Oslo Science Conference. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://ipy-osc.no/article/2010/1276176306.8
- More cold and snowy winters (2010, June 11). More cold and snowy winters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from BarentsObserver.com
http://www.barentsobserver.com/more-cold-and-snowy-winters.4792360-16176.html
- Europe, US to see snowy, cold winters: expert (2010, June 11). An acticle on Dr. James Overland, of the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, USA statement. AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.france24.com/en/20100611-europe-us-see-snowy-cold-winters-expert
- Hansen, K. (2010, January 27). Arctic ‘Melt Season’ Is Growing Longer, New Research Demonstrates. NASA. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from Phsyorg.com
http://www.physorg.com/news183836066.html
- Palk, S. (2010, November 15). Arctic explorer’s race against time. CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/11/15/norwegian.explorer.arctic.voyage/
- Ljunggren, D. (2009, March 5). Arctic summer ice could vanish by 2013: expert. Reuters. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE52468B20090305
- Arctic’s Legendary Northwest Passage is Ice-Free for the First Time in Recorded History (2007, August 29). Retrieved January 11, 2011 from The Daily Galaxy website
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/08/arctics-legenda.html
- Arctic Ice Especially Thin This Spring, Scientists Say (2009, April 7). Associated Press [AP]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,512836,00.html
- Arctic sea ice extent third lowest on record (2010, March 18). Retrieved January 11, 2011 from Damocles [Developing Arctic Modeling and Observing Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies] website
http://www.damocles-eu.org/research/Arctic_sea_ice_extent_third_lowest_on_record.shtml
- McDermott, M. (2010, February 8). Arctic Melting Triple Threat: Less Winter Ice Means More Summer Melt, It’s All Happening Faster Than Thought + It’s Going to Cost Us... Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/02/arctic-melting-happening-faster-than-expected.php
- Arctic Sea Ice Continues to Decline, Arctic Temperatures Continue to Rise In 2005 (2005, September 28). NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2005/arcticice_decline.html
- European Space Agency [ESA] (2010, January 22). Ice sheets report. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.esa.int/esaLP/ESA54M1VMOC_LPcryosat_0.html
- US warns of record Arctic warming (2010, October 22). An article on NOAA Arctic Report Card 2010 Update. AFP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.france24.com/en/20101022-us-warns-record-arctic-warming
and http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101022/sc_afp/environmentusclimatearctic - Corum, J. and Xaqun G.V. (2010, November 12). Restless Ice. The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/11/14/science/20101114-ice.html
- ibid.
- United States Environment Protection Agency [U.S. EPA] (2010, August 19). Future Sea Level Changes. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/futureslc.html
- Water flowing through ice sheets accelerates warming, could speed up ice flow (2010, November 3). University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences [CIRES]. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.physorg.com/news/2010-11-ice-sheets.html
- Greenland glacier calves island four times the size of Manhattan (2010, August 6). University of Delaware. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.physorg.com/news200326075.html
- Huge ice island breaks from Greenland glacier (2010, August 7). BBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-10900235,
- Morrison, L. (2010, August 11). Ice island breaks off glacier. The Wheather Network. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/storm_watch_stories3&stormfile=greenland_iceisland_11_08_2010?ref=ccbox_weather_topstories - Belluscio, A. (2010, September 3). What lies beneath Antarctic ice. Nature News. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100903/full/news.2010.442.html?s=news_rss and
http://canadianclimateaction.wordpress.com/2010/09/27/methane-bubbling-off-the-antarctic-
peninsula-hello-paleocene-eocene-thermal-maximum/
- Lamont-Doherty (2010, June 20). New research sheds light on Antarctica’s melting Pine Island Glacier. British Antarctic Survey. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.physorg.com/news196255601.html
- How’s Antarctica faring? Experts fly over ice to find out (2010, November 15). MSNBC. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40117241/ns/us_news-environment/
- Conway, E. (2010, January 12). Is Antarctica Melting? NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/20100108_Is_Antarctica_Melting.html
- Wilkins Ice Shelf Image (2009, April 12). NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1341.html - ibid 94.
- Qiu, J. (2010, November 10). Measuring the meltdown. Nature [Electronic version] 468, 141-142. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101110/full/468141a.html
- Casassa, G. (2010).South American glaciers on the retreat. UNEP. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://www.grida.no/publications/et/pt/page/2565.aspx
- Feldman, S. (2009, May 6). Bolivia’s Chacaltaya Glacier Melts to Nothing 6 Years Early. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://solveclimatenews.com/news/20090506/bolivias-chacaltaya-glacier-melts-nothing-6-years-early - Stracansky P., (2010, November 13). Fast Melting Glaciers Threaten Biodiversity. Inter Press Service [IPS] / International Federation of Environmental Journalists [IFEJ] / UNEP/ CBD. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=53552
- Hance, J. (2009, November 2). Goodbye, snows of Kilimanjaro. An article on Proceedings of the National Academy of Science [PNAS] report. mongabay.com. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from http://news.mongabay.com/2009/1102-hance_kilimanjaro.html
- Romm, J. (2009, March 3). Another climate impact coming faster than predicted: Glacier National Park to go glacier-free a decade early. An article on US Geological Survey report. Climate Progress blog. Retrieved January 11, 2011 from
http://climateprogress.org/2009/03/03/global-warming-impact-faster-than-predicted-glacier-national-
park-decade-early-2020-2030/
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